Independent and Dependent Variables Which Is Which

Independent and Dependent Variables Which Is Which SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Independent and dependent variables areimportant for both math and science. If you don't understand what these two variables are and how they differ, you'll struggle to analyze an experiment or plot equations. Fortunately, we make learning these concepts easy! In this guide, webreak down what independent and dependent variables are, give examples of the variables in actual experiments, explain how to properly graph them, provide a quiz to test your skills, and discuss the one other important variable you need to know. What Is an Independent Variable? What Is a Dependent Variable? A variable is something you’re trying to measure. It can be practically anything, such as objects, amounts of time, feelings, events, or ideas. If you’re studying how people feel about different television shows, the variables in that experiment are television shows and feelings. If you’re studying how different types of fertilizer affect how tall plants grow, the variables are type of fertilizer and plant height. There are two key variables in every experiment: the independent variable and the dependent variable. Independent variable:What the scientist changes or what changes on its own. Dependent variable:What is being studied/measured. The independent variable (sometimes known as the manipulated variable) is the variable whose change isn’t affected by any other variable in the experiment. Either the scientist has to change the independent variable herself or it changes on its own; nothing else in the experiment affects or changes it. Two examples of common independent variables are age and time. There’s nothing you or anything else can do to speed up or slow down time or increase or decrease age. They’re independent of everything else. The dependent variable (sometimes known as the responding variable) is what is being studied and measured in the experiment. It’s what changes as a result of the changes to the independent variable. An example of a dependent variable is how tall you are at different ages. The dependent variable (height) depends on the independent variable (age). An easy way to think of independent and dependent variables is, when you’re conducting an experiment, the independent variable is what you change, and the dependent variable is what changes because of that. You can also think of the independent variable as the cause and the dependent variable as the effect. It can be a lot easier to understand the differences between these two variables with examples, so let’s look at some sample experiments below. Examples of Independent and Dependent Variables in Experiments Below are overviews of three experiments, each with their independent and dependent variables identified. Experiment 1: You want to figure out which brand of microwave popcorn pops the most kernels so you can get the most value for your money. You test different brands of popcorn to see which bag pops the most popcorn kernels. Independent Variable: Brand of popcorn bag (It’s the independent variable because you are actually deciding the popcorn bag brands) Dependent Variable: Number of kernels popped (This is the dependent variable because it's what you measure for each popcorn brand) Experiment 2: You want to see which type of fertilizer helps plants grow fastest, so you add a different brand of fertilizer to each plant and see how tall they grow. Independent Variable: Type of fertilizer given to the plant Dependent Variable: Plant height Experiment 3: You’re interested in how rising sea temperatures impact algae life, so you design an experiment that measures the number of algae in a sample of water taken from a specific ocean site under varying temperatures. Independent Variable: Ocean temperature Dependent Variable: The number of algae in the sample For each of the independent variables above, it’s clear that they can’t be changed by other variables in the experiment. You have to be the one to change the popcorn and fertilizer brands in Experiments 1 and 2, and the ocean temperature in Experiment 3 cannot be significantly changed by other factors. Changes to each of these independent variables cause the dependent variables to change in the experiments. Where Do You Put Independent and Dependent Variables on Graphs? Independent and dependent variables always go on the same places in a graph. This makes it easy for you to quickly see which variable is independent and which is dependent when looking at a graph or chart. The independent variable always goes on the x-axis, or the horizontal axis. The dependent variable goes on the y-axis, or vertical axis. Here’s an example: As you can see, this is a graph showing how the number of hours a student studies affects the score she got on an exam. From the graph, it looks like studying up to six hours helped her raise her score, but as she studied more than that her score dropped slightly. The amount of time studied is the independent variable, because it’s what she changed, so it’s on the x-axis.The score she got on the exam is the dependent variable, because it’s what changed as a result of the independent variable, and it’s on the y-axis. It’s common to put the units in parentheses next to the axis titles, which this graph does. There are different ways to title a graph, but a common way is â€Å"[Independent Variable] vs. [Dependent Variable]† like this graph. Using a standard title like that also makes it easy for others to see what your independent and dependent variables are. Are There Other Important Variables to Know? Independent and dependent variables are the two most important variables to know and understand when conducting or studying an experiment, but there is one other type of variable that you should be aware of: constant variables. Constant variables (also known as â€Å"constants†) are simple to understand: they’re what stay the same during the experiment. Most experiments usually only have one independent variable and one dependent variable, but they will all have multiple constant variables. For example, in Experiment 2 above, some of the constant variables would be the type of plant being grown, the amount of fertilizer each plant is given, the amount of water each plant is given, when each plant is given fertilizer and water, the amount of sunlight the plants receive, the size of the container each plant is grown in, and more. The scientist is changing the type of fertilizer each plant gets which in turn changes how much each plant grows, but every other part of the experiment stays the same. In experiments, you have to test one independent variable at a time in order to accurately understand how it impacts the dependent variable. Constant variables are important because they ensure that the dependent variable is changing because, and only because, of the independent variable so you can accurately measure the relationship between the dependent and independent variables. If you didn’t have any constant variables, you wouldn’t be able to tell if the independent variable was what was really affecting the dependent variable. For example, in the example above, if there were no constants and you used different amounts of water, different types of plants, different amounts of fertilizer and put the plants in windows that got different amounts of sun, you wouldn’t be able to say how fertilizer type affected plant growth because there would be so many other factors potentially affecting how the plants grew. 3 Experiments to Help You Understand Independent and Dependent Variables If you're still having a hard time understanding the relationship between independent and dependent variable, it might help to see them in action. Here are three experiments you can try at home. Experiment 1: Plant Growth Rates One simple way to explore independent and dependent variables is to construct a biology experiment with seeds. Try growing some sunflowers and see how different factors affect their growth. For example, say you have ten sunflower seedlings, and you decide to give each a different amount of water each day to see if that affects their growth.The independent variable here would be the amount of water you give the plants, and the dependent variable is how tall the sunflowers grow. Experiment 2: Chemical Reactions Explore a wide range of chemical reactions with this chemistry kit. It includes 100+ ideas for experiments- pick one that interests you andanalyze what the different variables are in the experiment! Experiment 3: Simple Machines Build and test a range of simple and complex machines with this K'nex kit. How does increasing a vehicle's mass affect its velocity? Can you lift more with a fixed or movable pulley? Remember, the independent variable is what you control/change, and the dependent variable is what changes because of that. Quiz: Test Your Variable Knowledge Can you identify the independent and dependent variables for each of the four scenarios below? The answers are at the bottom of the guide for you to check your work. Scenario 1:You buy your dog multiple brands of food to see which one is her favorite. Scenario 2:Your friends invite you to a party, and you decide to attend, but you're worried that staying out too long will affecthow well you do on your geometry test tomorrow morning. Scenario 3:Your dentist appointment will take 30 minutes from start to finish, but that doesn't include waiting in the lounge before you're called in. The total amount of time you spend in the dentist's office is the amount of time you wait before your appointment, plus the 30 minutes of the actual appointment Scenario 4:You regularly babysit your little cousin who always throws a tantrum when he's asked to eat his vegetables. Over the course of the week, you ask him to eat vegetables four times. Summary: Independent vs Dependent Variable Knowing the independent variable definition and dependent variable definition is key to understanding how experiments work. The independent variable is what you change, and the dependent variable is what changes as a result of that. You can also think of the independent variable as the cause and the dependent variable as the effect. When graphing these variables, the independent variable should go on the x-axis (the horizontal axis), and the dependent variable goes on the y-axis (vertical axis). Constant variables are also important to understand. They are what stay the same throughout the experiment so you can accurately measure the impact of the independent variable on the dependent variable. What's Next? Independent and dependent variables are commonly taught in high school science classes. Read our guide to learn which science classes high school students should be taking. Scoring well on standardized tests is an important part of having a strong college application. Check out our guides on the best study tips for the SAT and ACT. Interested in science? Science Olympiad is a great extracurricular to include on your college applications, and it can help you win big scholarships. Check out our complete guide to winning Science Olympiad competitions. Quiz Answers 1: Independent: dog food brands Dependent: how much you dog eats 2: Independent:how long you spend at the party Dependent:your exam score 3: Independent:Amount of time you spend waiting Dependent:Total time you're at the dentist (the 30 minutes of appointment time is the constant) 4: Independent:Number of times your cousin is asked to eat vegetables Dependent:number of tantrums Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points? We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now: These recommendations are based solely on our knowledge and experience. If you purchase an item through one of our links, PrepScholar may receive a commission.

The Nature of Organisational Change (Mod 5 Case Leadership and Change) Essay

The Nature of Organisational Change (Mod 5 Case Leadership and Change) - Essay Example These include shareholders, customers, suppliers, employees, societal groups as well as communities which are concerned with the legal and natural environment in which the business operates. The stakeholders have keen interest in the moves of the organization as they are positively and negatively affected by them. Stakeholders such as investors have put their money into the business and therefore, it is their right to stay informed on how the company is progressing and of course up to date knowledge of dividend/profit generation. Any decision that lowers the profit yield would never get appreciation from shareholders. Employees are the ones who work devotedly for the company to make a living; they have the right to know in what direction the company is going because they are concerned about securing their future. Before actually introducing change into the organization, the engagement and approval of all employees is essential so that they could work with motivation and commitment and demonstrate no negative productivity. In the same manner, the customers, who are the end users of the company’s products and services, must be educated about the strategic decisions of the organization. The reputation of any business lies in the hand of its customers. If any business is unable to deliver the promised value to its customers, it will lose its credibility and loyalty which would ultimately affect the financial performance. Suppliers are integral to the success of any business. Suppliers need to stay informed about the company’s activities so that they could estimate the demand for raw material as well as promptness in payments. In the same way, environmental groups are concerned about ensuring that the businesses are operating in an environmentally friendly manner. If the environmental rules are being violated by any business, strict actions are taken which can tarnish the brand image. Every decision that the CEO of an organization makes

Total War and Society between 1789 and 1945 Dissertation

Total War and Society between 1789 and 1945 - Dissertation Example The above mentioned are some of the major wars and revolutions which have affected the society and economy of different nations of the world since 1789, this study has been narrowed down to focus on British society; the most studied events were the French Revolution, the First World War, and the Second World War, and thus the in-depth literature pertains to these three events. Therefore this paper will discuss the major aspects in detail and the minor events roughly, and further conclude with the claim that war has major aspects on society and is largely responsible for changes in a nation overall. The above mentioned are some of the major wars and revolutions which have affected the society and economy of different nations of the world since 1789, this study has been narrowed down to focus on British society; the most studied events were the French Revolution, the First World War, and the Second World War, and thus the in-depth literature pertains to these three events. Therefore th is paper will discuss the major aspects in detail and the minor events roughly, and further conclude with the claim that war has major aspects on society and is largely responsible for changes in a nation overall. Historians around the world, who have worked on the study of the French Revolution, might disagree on the causes and time of the occurrence of the event, but they essentially agree on the fact that this event had effects that were wide enough to extend farther than the frontiers of France. Some effects are very profound and easy to identify, but many impacts are relatively less obvious and thus difficult to recognize.   The French Revolution began with the order of Louis XVI to the State General for money which would finance his bankrupt Government, and this broke the seal of the long accumulated grievance against the monarch power and led to uprising in the form of massive revolution,   which lasted for only 12 years and was an internal rebellion in France, but it had far-reaching throughout the world. The effects of the revolution were as widespread as the initiation of the matriculation system to the political shift from absolutism theory to republicanism.   The French revol ution challenged the power balance in Europe, and also led to widespread bloodshed in the United Kingdom, Prussia, Spain, Russia, and Sardinia etc. the revolution also spread the French culture throughout Europe, including the UK, where the French fashion penetrated the British roots and is regarded as the ruler of contemporary fashion today. The revolution also led to the occurrence of the Congress of Vienna which led to the abolishment of slavery throughout Europe, this had massive social effects, as caliber was being given importance over class and status.  Ã‚  

Toll Like Receptor Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Toll Like Receptor - Essay Example In 1989, Charles Jeneway published it classical paper discussing inate immunity and establishes the fact that recognition of pathogen is done by germline-encoded receptors and not the recombinant antigen receptors (Janeway, 1989) He establishes the role of co stimulatory molecules or signals responsible for T cell activation. After extensive research of almost 20 years we have identified that co- stimulatory signal named as Toll receptor and its pathway. Surprisingly people working with different model system recognize that Toll receptor was not only responsible for human innate immunity but also found in wide range of living systems starting from earthworm to plants. Initially Toll receptor was recognized for its role in innate immunity but later on many unique role of toll was appeared in different model system like In drosophila where Toll have key roles in development. Investigation of Toll receptors and pathway related or activated by this receptor open ups new era of innate imm unity and give us insight in to evolutionary conservation. Toll like receptors (TLR) are PRRs (pattern recognition receptor) having unique and essential role in innate immunity. It comprises of family of type I transmembrane receptors characterized by an extracellular leucine rich repeat domain and intracellular Toll/IL-1 receptor (TIR) domain. LRR founds in diverse set of proteins having role in ligand recognition and signal transduction (Ruslan Medzhitov, 2001). The signature sequence of LRR is L(X2) LXL(X2) NXL(X2) L(X7) L(X2). Where X2 is any amino acids. The TIR domain of Toll receptor is conserved protein-protein interaction module found in different transmembrane and cytoplasmic proteins in animals and plants. Interestingly, most of these TIR associated proteins in animals and plants have a role in host defense.Figure:1 Schematic of Toll likes receptor (TLR) (www.icampus.ucl.ac.be) TLR in mammalian Immunity: In mammalian species there are at least 10 TLR, and having distinct role in innate immunity. There are almost dozens of ligand for TLR were identified and many more yet to be established. TOL ligand are quite diverse in nature but having some common characteristics like most of TLR ligands are conserved microbial products (PAMPs), TLR recognize different structurally unrelated ligand and some TLR requires accessory proteins to recognize its ligand . Fig 2 shows different ligand molecules recognized by mammalian TLRs. (Ruslan Medzhitov Nature Reviews Immunology 1, 135-145 November 2001) Figure: 2 Ligand specification of TLR TLR Pathways: Activation of signal transduction pathway by TLR leads to expression of several genes have key role in host defense. For example TLR activated signaling pathway activates expression of cytokines, chemokines, MHC and various co stimulatory molecules (Ruslan Medzhitov, 2001). Initially it was proposed that all TLR have similar signaling cascade but growing evidences indicates that even though there are conserved signaling molecules in TLR pathway, there are differences among different types of TLR mediated

Troubled Bruno in The Hostage :: essays research papers

The Hostage A hostage inside himself, and troubled soul that has had very many bad influences in his life. Bruno, a boy, makes many mistakes and has had very many tragic instances like his father dieing, and nothing will, and can go right for him. As the reader will find out is he is very quiet and has a large stature that was feared by many, and has a lot of things that trouble him. Bruno goes though a tough time and bad situations that help influence his actions, feelings, and words, though his life, and holds him hostage within himself. Bruno was very built and had a very large physique, which people found threatening and scary. He looked much older than even one as if he was in junior high. His hair was sleeked back and was very dark and oily with a large neck and shoulders. Even though he had this big overpowering body he let it be known to every one with the cloths he wore. He showed he was tuff, and muscular though those cloths. Bruno also had a scare one his forehead that rumors say he got when a pot of boiling water in a pan hit him. They think he may have pulled it and it fell or his mom dropped it. Through this large stature one might see how he was probably made fun of and harassed.† He spoke English with a strong accent, musical, yet people mocked him and embarrassed him silently†(1201). Written by Joyce Carol Oates the write of the Hostage. This lowered his self a steam that he held in anger and used it to hold himself hostage with in. Other people in Bruno’s class were scared of him and though being scared they respected him. Because he had this kind of scared respect for him he was voted class president and was left alone. People stopped seeing him at school for a while and soon found out that his dad died. He was killed in the mafia, which affected him strongly. When he came back no one said anything and at this time he really need some one to talk too. But no one did because they were scare of him. The only person that came was the narrator was the only person who even came up to him and he did not even let her say it. But she could tell that he really enjoy her even coming up to him to attempt to talk to him.

Intro †chief guest Essay

It is indeed an honor and privilege for me to introduce to you our Guest of Honor. He brings in the vigor and idealism of youth which we believe are essential to infuse new ideas and transparency in every aspect of life . His experience and credentials is just tremendous! He has a doctorate in (Economics), from the prestigious Harvard University under Nobel Laureate Simon Kuznets, and has held various positions too . To mention a few he *was an assistant/ associate professor at Harvard university. *Faculty Summer School, Harvard University . * Visiting Scholar and Professor, Department of Economics, Harvard University. When he was associate professor, he was invited by Nobel Laureate Amartya Sen for a reader’s chair on Chinese studies at Delhi School of Economics. Thereafter he became the *Visiting Professor of Economics, Delhi School of Economics, University of Delhi Later ,he became the Professor of Economics, Indian Institute of Technology,Delhi He has been the backbone for the Indian Government serving at various Positions : Assistant Economics Affairs Officer, United Nations Secretariat, New York. * Member of Parliament * Member, Board of Governors, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi * Member, Control of Capital Issues Committee, Ministry of Finance. * Member, Court of Benares Hindu University (1974) and Santiniketan (1982-84). * Member, Council of IITs, Govt. of India *Cabinet Minister of Commerce, Law and Justice,1990-91. * Chairman : Commission of Labour Standards and International Trade,Government of India. He is Currently the President of Janata Party . *Chairman, Centre for National Renaissance, New Delhi *Chairman, Board of Governors , School of Communications and Management Sciences (SCMS) , kerala. He has authored many Books among which * Economic Planning in India – An Alternative Approach * Economic Growth of China and India, * Building a New India: An Agenda for Renaissance, * India’s Labour Standards and the WTO Framework. * The Assassination of Rajiv Gandhi – Unanswered Questions and Unasked Queries * South Asia in the New Millennium * India’s China Perspective *Economic Reforms and Performance in China and India * Hindus Under Siege: The Way Out *Rama Setu: Symbol of National Unity *Terrorism in India: A Strategy of Deterrence * Corruption and Corporate Governance in India: Satyam, Spectrum, Sundaram * The Foundations of Index Number Theory. Have been very successful.  He has also published several articles and research paper some of which are Can India make it? India’s path to sustained growth , Economic growth and income distribution in a developing nation , Nuclear policy for India, Plan for full employment. He brings to us not only his invaluable experience and academic training but a lineage of brave , innovative , and forward looking forebears.

Man and Masculinity - 1029 Words

Encarta dictionary defines masculinity as â€Å"those qualities conventionally supposed to make a man an excellent specimen†; but what exactly are those qualities? Many would say that physical strength, ability to compete in sports, or even the ability to hold liquor are all parts of masculinity. In ancient Greece, they called this quality andreia, literally meaning â€Å"manliness†. In truth, masculinity is a much deeper trait that can be viewed differently by a variety of people. Realistically, masculinity cannot be defined universally. A man who is considered masculine in France would most definitely not be considered masculine in the Middle East, simply because the cultures in those areas of the world are vastly different in their beliefs and†¦show more content†¦The other quality of a true masculine man, and the most important thing in any human’s life is honor. Honor is the conviction that a man has and the power it takes him to live for that convi ction. It is his belief and the action for that belief, no matter what it is. Famous men throughout history have proven their worth based on courage and honor: St. Patrick, who put his whole life and reputation on the line to educate the Irish into the way of living that he had a conviction for; Christopher Columbus, who journeyed into the most dangerous and unknown place of all to bring honor to his country; Abraham Lincoln, the man who stood up for what he believed in, stuck to his convictions, and cleansed our nation of a great injustice. These men knew the true meaning of andreia and that is why we remembered them today. There is a large misconception that a boy becomes a man when he first engages in sex with a female. Along with that goes the belief that the more partners a man has in bed, the more of a man he is. Having many sexual partners does not show true masculinity, nor does the first sexual act of a male make him a man. 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